Friday, March 18, 2016

Verbum: Indicativus praesentis activi: IV coniugatio (Fourth conjugation present indicative)

Coniugatio IV (-ire - in infinitive form and -io in the first person singular present tense)

audio, audire, audivi, auditum - to listen to, to hear
venio, venire, veni, ventum - to come, to approach

Coniugatio III (-ere in infinitive and -io in the first person singular present tense)

facio, facere, faci, factum - to make
sapio, sapere, sapii, - - to understand, to have sense;



audire - infinitivus
audio - persona prima, singularis
audire > audi-re > audi

Sg                                                                                Pl
1. audi-o                                                                1. audi-mus
2. audi-s                                                                 2. iaud-tis
3. audi-t                                                                  3. audi-u-nt 

Verbum: Indicativus praesentis activi - Coniugatio III (Third conjugation present tense indicative)

Coniugatio III (-ere; short e);
lego, legere, legi, lectum - to read - III conj.
trado, tradere,tradidi, traditus - to deliver, to hand over - III conj
tribuo, tribuere, tribui, tributus - to bestow - III conj.
facio, facere, feci, factum to make - III conj.

Coniugatio II (-ere; long e)
video, videre, vidi, visus - to see - II conj.
faveo, favere, favi, fautum - to favour, to support, to encourage - II conj.

A/ Lego & trado type 
Legere - infinitivus
Lego - persona prima; singularis

Legere > leg-ere > leg

Sg:                                                                              Pl:

1. leg-o                                                               1. leg-i-mus
2. leg-i-s                                                              2. leg-i-tis
3. leg-i-t                                                                3. leg-u-nt


B/ tribuo type - the root ends in "u"

tribuere - infinitivus
tribuo - persona prima; singularis

tribuere> tribu-ere > tribu

Sg                                                                                  Pl:

1. tribu-o                                                            1. tribu-i-mus
2. tribu-i-s                                                           2. tribu-i-tis
3. tribu-i-t                                                            3. tribu-u-nt


C/ Facio type (thid conjugation -io type) (Pay close attention to these!!!)

facEre - infinitivus
facIO - persona prima; singularis
facere > fac-ere > fac

Sg                                                                                Pl:
1. faci-o                                                              1. fac-i-mus
2. fac-i-s                                                              2. fac-i-tis
3. fac-i-t                                                                3. faci - u -nt


* Third conjugation is the trickiest one for most of us who make our first steps in Latin. The first reason is that as I have shown above, it could be easily mistaken with the second conjugation. So ALWAYS check not only the infinitive in your dictionary, but the first person singular form of the verb. If you have both these forms before you then you would be able to tell the difference between second and third conjugation. 
** The IO type of verbs in third conjugation are another issue. They could look like IV conjugation too. Some label them as a type of irregular verbs which form 1st person singular and 3rd person plural as a fourth conjugation verb, but all their other forms - as a third conjugation verb. It's a good enough explanation so you can conjugate them properly. However, in my humble and novice opinion, the short "e" from the infinitive continues "to live" as an "i" if there is a vowel after it. That's why I have marked it as a part of the root  because it's not the same "i" which serves as a linking vowel and you can see in the whole conjugation. 

Thursday, March 17, 2016

Verbum: Indicativus praesentis activi - Coniugatio II (Second conjugation verbs in present indicative)

Conigatio II ( -ere; long "e")

video, videre, vidi, visus - to see - Conigatio II
ardeo, ardere, arsi, arsus - to be on fire, to be in love - Coniugatio II
faveo, favere, favi, fautum - to favour, to support, to encourage - Coniugatio II

Coniugatio III (-ere; short "e")
ostendo, ostendere, ostendi, ostensus - to reveal, to show - Conigatio III
 trado, tradere, tradidi, traditus - to deliver, to hand over - Conigatio III



videre - infinitivus
video - persona prima; singularis
videre > vide-re > vide


Sg.                                                                                      Pl.

1. vide-o                                                                        1. vide-mus
2. vide-s                                                                        2. vide-tis
3. vide-t                                                                         3. vide-nt



ardere - infinitivus
ardeo - persona prima, singularis
ardere > arde-re > arde


Sg                                                                                       Pl

1. arde-o                                                                        1. arde-mus
2. arde-s                                                                         2. arde-tis
3. arde-t                                                                         3. arde-nt